Silicon da iskar oxygen su ne abubuwa biyu da suka fi yaɗuwa a cikin ɓawon duniya. Baya ga samar da SiO2, suna haɗuwa don samar da ma'adanai silicate mafi yawa da ake samu a cikin ɓawon. Akwai ma'adanai silicate sama da 800 da aka sani, waɗanda suka kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan nau'ikan ma'adanai da aka sani. Tare, suna samar da kusan kashi 85% na ɓawon duniya da lithosphere ta nauyi. Waɗannan ma'adanai ba wai kawai manyan abubuwan da ke cikin duwatsu masu kama da igneous, sedimentary, da metamorphic ba ne, har ma suna aiki a matsayin tushen ma'adanai da yawa waɗanda ba na ƙarfe ba ne da kuma waɗanda ba a saba gani ba. Misalai sun haɗa da quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, da muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Halayen Jiki: Feldspar ma'adinai ne da aka yaɗa a duniya. Ana kiran feldspar mai arzikin potassium potassium da potassium. Orthoclase, microcline, da albite misalai ne na ma'adanai na potassium feldspar. Feldspar yana nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai kuma yana da juriya ga acid, gabaɗaya yana da wahalar ruɓewa. Taurin yana tsakanin 5.5 zuwa 6.5, yawa daga 2.55 zuwa 2.75, kuma wurin narkewa daga 1185 zuwa 1490°C. Sau da yawa yana faruwa da quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, da ƙananan adadin magnetite, ilmenite, da tantalite.
◆Amfani: Ana amfani da shi a cikin narkewar gilashi, kayan yumbu, gilashin yumbu, kayan albarkatun enamel, takin potassium, da kuma azaman duwatsu masu ado da duwatsu masu daraja.
◆Hanyoyin Zaɓe: Zaɓen hannu, rabuwar maganadisu, da kuma yin iyo.
◆Farawa da Abin da Ya Faru: Ana samunsa a cikin duwatsun gneisses ko gneissic metamorphic; wasu jijiyoyin suna faruwa a cikin jikin duwatsun granite ko mafic ko kuma yankunan hulɗarsu. An fi mayar da hankali a cikin manyan duwatsun feldspar na pegmatitic ko kuma pegmatites na feldspar guda ɗaya daban-daban.
2. Kaolinite
◆Halayen Jiki: Tsarkakken kaolinite fari ne amma galibi launinsa ja ne mai haske, rawaya, shuɗi, kore, ko launin toka saboda ƙazanta. Yana da yawa daga 2.61 zuwa 2.68 kuma tauri yana kama da 2 zuwa 3. Ana amfani da Kaolinite wajen samar da yumbu na yau da kullun da na masana'antu, kayan da ba sa jurewa, yin takarda, gini, shafa, roba, robobi, yadi, da kuma a matsayin abin cikawa ko farin launi.
◆Amfani: Ana amfani da shi wajen samar da yumbu na yau da kullun da na masana'antu, kayan da ba sa jure wa iska, yin takarda, gini, shafa, roba, robobi, yadi, da kuma a matsayin abin cikawa ko farin fenti.
◆Hanyoyin Zaɓe: Rabuwar maganadisu busasshe da danshi, rabuwar nauyi, calcination, bleaching na sinadarai.
◆Farawa da Abin da Ya Faru: An samo asali ne daga duwatsu masu arzikin silica-alumina da kuma waɗanda ke da kama da juna, waɗanda aka canza su ta hanyar canjin yanayi ko maye gurbin hydrothermal mai ƙarancin zafin jiki.
3. Mika
◆Sifofin Jiki: Mica galibi fari ce, tana da launuka masu launin rawaya mai haske, kore mai haske, ko launin toka mai haske. Tana da haske mai kama da gilashi, kamar lu'u-lu'u a saman tsagewa, da kuma siraran zanen gado masu sassauƙa amma marasa laushi. Taurin yana tsakanin 1 zuwa 2 kuma yawansa daga 2.65 zuwa 2.90. Mica tana amfani da kayan da ba sa jurewa, yumbu, faranti na lantarki, sandunan ƙarfe, fiberglass, roba, yin takarda, pigments, magunguna, kayan kwalliya, robobi, da kuma kayan taimako don sassaka zane mai kyau.
◆Amfani: Ana amfani da shi a cikin kayan da ba su da ƙarfi, tukwane, faranti na lantarki, busassun itace, fiberglass, roba, yin takarda, pigments, magunguna, kayan kwalliya, robobi, da kuma azaman kayan taimako don sassaka zane mai kyau.
◆Hanyoyin Zaɓe: Zaɓen Hannu, Rabuwar Wutar Lantarki, Rabuwar Magnetic.
◆Farawa da Abin da Ya Faru: Ana samar da shi galibi ta hanyar canjin yanayin zafi na duwatsu masu matsakaicin acidic da tuffs na aman wuta, wanda kuma ake samu a cikin schists mai arzikin aluminum da wasu jijiyoyin hydrothermal quartz masu ƙarancin zafin jiki.
4. Talc
◆Halayen Jiki: Tsarkakken talc ba shi da launi amma sau da yawa yana bayyana launin rawaya, kore, launin ruwan kasa, ko ruwan hoda saboda ƙazanta. Yana da haske mai kama da gilashi da tauri na 1 a sikelin Mohs. Ana amfani da talc sosai a matsayin abin cikawa a masana'antar yin takarda da roba da kuma matsayin mai yin fari a masana'antar yadi. Hakanan ana amfani da shi a cikin yumbu, fenti, shafi, robobi, da kayan kwalliya.
◆Amfani: Ana amfani da shi azaman cikawa a masana'antar yin takarda da roba, a matsayin mai yin fari a masana'antar yadi, da kuma a fannin tukwane, fenti, shafi, robobi, da kayan kwalliya.
◆Hanyoyin Zaɓe: Zaɓen hannu, rabuwar lantarki, rabuwar maganadisu, rarrabawa ta gani, iyo, gogewa.
◆Farawa da Abin da Ya Faru: An samo asali ne ta hanyar canjin yanayin zafi da kuma canzawar yanayi, wanda galibi ana danganta shi da magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, da talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Halayen Jiki: Muscovite wani nau'in ma'adinan mica ne, wanda galibi yana bayyana a fari, launin toka, rawaya, kore, ko launin ruwan kasa. Yana da haske mai kama da lu'u-lu'u a saman tsagewa. Ana amfani da Muscovite don kashe gobara, sandunan walda, robobi, rufin lantarki, yin takarda, takardar kwalta, roba, launukan lu'u-lu'u, robobi, fenti, da roba a matsayin abubuwan cikawa masu aiki.
◆Amfani: Ana amfani da shi azaman abubuwan kashe gobara, sandunan walda, robobi, rufin lantarki, yin takarda, takardar kwalta, roba, launukan lu'u-lu'u, robobi, fenti, da roba a matsayin abubuwan cikawa masu aiki.
◆Hanyoyin Zaɓe: Juyawa, zaɓar iska, zaɓar hannu, barewa, zaɓin gogayya, niƙa mai kyau, niƙa mai kyau, gyaran saman.
◆Farawa da Abin da Ya Faru: Ainihin samfurin aikin sihiri da aikin pegmatitic, wanda galibi ake samu a cikin granite pegmatites da mica schists, waɗanda galibi ake dangantawa da quartz, feldspar, da ma'adanai masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.
Ci gaba da fassarar:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite tsarin lu'ulu'u ne na triclinic, wanda yawanci lu'ulu'u ne masu silinda masu layi ɗaya tare da ratsi a layi ɗaya a saman lu'ulu'u. Yana da walƙiya mai haske, kuma karyewar yana nuna walƙiya mai haske daga gilashi zuwa lu'ulu'u. Launuka sun bambanta daga haske zuwa shuɗi mai duhu, kore, rawaya, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, mara launi, ko fari mai haske. Taurin yana tsakanin 5.5 zuwa 7.0, tare da takamaiman nauyi na 3.53 zuwa 3.65. Manyan ma'adanai sune sodalite da ƙananan adadin silica, tare da ma'adanai masu taimako kamar quartz, black mica, gold mica, da chlorite.
Sodalite wani samfurin canji ne na yanki wanda ake samu a cikin schists da gneisses na crystalline. Shahararrun masu samarwa a duniya sun haɗa da Switzerland, Austria, da sauran ƙasashe. Idan aka dumama shi zuwa 1300°C, sodalite yana canzawa zuwa mullite, wani abu mai ƙarfi wanda ake amfani da shi wajen kera filogi na walƙiya, bututun mai, da sauran kayayyakin yumbu masu ƙarfi. Haka kuma ana iya cire aluminum. Ana iya amfani da lu'ulu'u masu haske masu launuka masu kyau a matsayin duwatsu masu daraja, tare da shuɗi mai zurfi shine mafi soyuwa. North Carolina a Amurka tana samar da sodalite mai launin shuɗi da kore mai inganci.
7.Garnet
◆Sifofin jiki
Yawanci launin ruwan kasa, rawaya, ja, kore, da sauransu; mai haske zuwa haske; mai haske, karyewa tare da luster mai resinous; babu tsagewa; tauri 5.6~7.5; yawa 3.5~4.2.
◆Aikace-aikace
Babban taurin Garnet ya sa ya dace da kayan gogewa; manyan lu'ulu'u masu kyau da launi mai haske za a iya amfani da su azaman kayan dutse mai daraja.
◆Hanyoyin rabuwa
Rarraba hannu, rabuwar maganadisu.
◆Farawa da faruwa
Garnet yana yaɗuwa sosai a cikin matakai daban-daban na ilimin ƙasa, yana samar da nau'ikan garnet daban-daban saboda hanyoyin ƙasa daban-daban; jerin garnet na calcium-aluminum galibi ana samar da su ne a cikin hydrothermal, duwatsun alkaline, da wasu pegmatites; jerin garnet na magnesium-aluminum galibi ana samar da su ne a cikin duwatsu masu kama da wuta da kuma duwatsu masu kama da na yanki, gneisses, da duwatsu masu aman wuta.
8.Biotite
◆Sifofin jiki
Ana samun Biotite galibi a cikin duwatsu masu kama da juna da wasu duwatsu kamar granite. Launin biotite ya kama daga baƙi zuwa launin ruwan kasa, ja, ko kore. Yana da lu'ulu'u masu kama da vitreous, lu'ulu'u masu laushi, tauri ƙasa da ƙusa, mai sauƙin tsagewa zuwa gutsuttsura, kuma yana da siffar faranti ko ginshiƙi.
◆Aikace-aikace
Ana amfani da shi galibi a fannin kariyar wuta daga kayan gini, yin takarda, takardar kwalta, robobi, roba, masu kashe gobara, sandunan walda, kayan ado, launukan lu'u-lu'u, da sauran masana'antun sinadarai. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana amfani da biotite sosai a fannin shafa kayan ado kamar fenti na dutse na gaske.
◆Hanyoyin rabuwa
Tasowa, zaɓin iska, zaɓin hannu, barewa, zaɓin gogayya, niƙa mai kyau, niƙa mai matuƙar kyau, gyaran saman.
9.Muscovite
◆Sifofin jiki
Muscovite wani nau'in ma'adinan mica ne a cikin farin mica group, silicate na aluminum, iron, da potassium. Muscovite yana da muscovite mai launin duhu (launuka daban-daban na launin ruwan kasa ko kore, da sauransu) da muscovite mai launin haske (launuka daban-daban na rawaya mai haske). Muscovite mai launin haske yana da haske kuma yana da haske mai haske; muscovite mai launin duhu yana da haske mai haske. Yana da haske mai haske zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfe, saman rabawa tare da luster mai luster. Siraran zanen gado suna da laushi, tauri 2~3, takamaiman nauyi 2.70~2.85, ba sa aiki.
◆Aikace-aikace
Ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar kayan gini, masana'antar kashe gobara, masu kashe gobara, sandunan walda, robobi, rufin lantarki, yin takarda, takardar kwalta, roba, launukan lu'u-lu'u, da sauran masana'antun sinadarai. Ana amfani da foda mai kama da na Ultrafine a matsayin cikawa mai aiki ga robobi, shafa, fenti, roba, da sauransu, don inganta ƙarfin injina, haɓaka tauri, mannewa, hana tsufa, da juriya ga tsatsa.
A fannin masana'antu, galibi ana amfani da shi ne don hana iskar shaka da kuma jure zafi, da kuma juriyarsa ga acid, alkalis, matsewa, da kuma barewa, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman kayan kariya ga kayan lantarki da kayan lantarki; na biyu kuma ana amfani da shi wajen kera tukunyar tururi, tagogi na tanderun murhu, da sassan injina.
◆Hanyoyin rabuwa
Tasowa, zaɓin iska, zaɓin hannu, barewa, zaɓin gogayya, niƙa mai kyau, niƙa mai matuƙar kyau, gyaran saman.
10.Olivine
◆Sifofin jiki
Koren zaitun, rawaya-kore, launin toka-kore mai haske, kore-baƙi. Haske mai haske, karyewar da aka saba gani a siffar harsashi; tauri 6.5~7.0, yawa 3.27~4.37.
◆Aikace-aikace
Ana amfani da shi azaman kayan albarkatun ƙasa don mahaɗan magnesium da phosphates, ana amfani da shi wajen samar da takin calcium-magnesium phosphate; ana iya amfani da olivine mai arzikin magnesium azaman kayan da ba sa jure wa ruwa; ana iya amfani da olivine mai haske, mai kauri a matsayin kayan albarkatun dutse.
◆Hanyoyin rabuwa
Sake zaɓe, rabuwar maganadisu.
◆Farawa da faruwa
An samar da shi galibi ta hanyar aikin sihiri, wanda ke faruwa a cikin duwatsu masu ƙarancin ƙarfi da na asali, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, ma'adanai na rukuni na platinum, da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-31-2024