A lokacin "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14", bisa ga tsarin dabarun kasar na "kololuwar carbon da tsaka tsakin carbon", masana'antar photovoltaic za ta haifar da ci gaba mai ban mamaki. Barkewar masana'antar photovoltaic ta "haifar da wadata" ga dukkan sarkar masana'antu. A cikin wannan sarkar mai ban sha'awa, gilashin photovoltaic mahada ce mai mahimmanci. A yau, tare da fafutukar kiyaye makamashi da kare muhalli, buƙatar gilashin photovoltaic yana ƙaruwa kowace rana, kuma akwai rashin daidaito tsakanin wadata da buƙata. A lokaci guda, yashi quartz mai ƙarancin ƙarfe da fari mai yawa, muhimmin abu don gilashin photovoltaic, shi ma ya tashi, kuma farashin ya ƙaru kuma wadatar tana da ƙarancin wadata. Masana masana'antu sun yi hasashen cewa yashi quartz mai ƙarancin ƙarfe zai sami ƙaruwa na dogon lokaci fiye da 15% na tsawon shekaru sama da 10. A ƙarƙashin iska mai ƙarfi ta photovoltaic, samar da yashi quartz mai ƙarancin ƙarfe ya jawo hankali sosai.
1. Yashi mai siffar ma'adini don gilashin photovoltaic
Ana amfani da gilashin photovoltaic gabaɗaya a matsayin allon rufewa na na'urorin photovoltaic, kuma yana hulɗa kai tsaye da muhallin waje. Juriyar yanayi, ƙarfi, watsa haske da sauran alamu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar na'urorin photovoltaic da ingancin samar da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci. ions na ƙarfe a cikin yashi quartz suna da sauƙin rina, kuma don tabbatar da yawan watsa hasken rana na gilashin asali, yawan ƙarfe da ke cikin gilashin photovoltaic ya yi ƙasa da na gilashin yau da kullun, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da yashi quartz mai ƙarancin ƙarfe tare da tsaftar silicon da ƙarancin ƙazanta.
A halin yanzu, akwai ƙananan yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe mai inganci waɗanda ake haƙowa a ƙasarmu, kuma galibi ana rarraba su ne a Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan da sauran wurare. A nan gaba, tare da ƙaruwar ƙarfin samar da gilashin da aka yi da farin ƙarfe don ƙwayoyin hasken rana, yashi mai inganci mai ƙarancin yanki na samarwa zai zama ƙasa da wadatar albarkatu. Samar da yashi mai inganci da karko zai takaita gasa tsakanin kamfanonin gilashin photovoltaic a nan gaba. Saboda haka, yadda za a rage yawan ƙarfe, aluminum, titanium da sauran abubuwan ƙazanta a cikin yashi mai ƙarfi da kuma shirya yashi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi batu ne mai zafi na bincike.
2. Samar da yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe don gilashin photovoltaic
2.1 Tsarkakewar Yashi na Quartz don Gilashin Photovoltaic
A halin yanzu, hanyoyin tsarkakewa na quartz na gargajiya waɗanda ake amfani da su a masana'antar sun haɗa da rarrabewa, gogewa, kashewar ruwa ta calcination, niƙawa, cirewa, rabuwar maganadisu, rabuwar nauyi, flotation, leaching acid, leaching microbial, degassing mai zafi, da sauransu, tsarkakewa mai zurfi. Tsarin ya haɗa da gasasshen chlorinated, rarraba launi mai haske, rarrabawar maganadisu mai ƙarfi, injin tsabtace zafi mai zafi da sauransu. An kuma haɓaka tsarin tsarkakewa na tsabtace yashi na quartz na gida tun daga farkon "niƙa, rabuwar maganadisu, wankewa" zuwa "rabuwa → murkushewa mai ƙarfi → calcination → kashewar ruwa → niƙa → tantancewa → rabuwar maganadisu → flotation → acid Tsarin tsarkakewa na nutsewa → wankewa → busarwa, tare da microwave, ultrasonic da sauran hanyoyin don yin magani kafin ko tsarkakewa, yana inganta tasirin tsarkakewa sosai. Ganin buƙatun ƙarfe mara ƙarfi na gilashin photovoltaic, ana gabatar da bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin cire yashi na quartz galibi.
Gabaɗaya, ƙarfe yana wanzuwa a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan guda shida da aka fi sani a cikin ma'adinan quartz:
① Yana wanzuwa a cikin nau'in ƙananan barbashi a cikin yumbu ko feldspar mai kaolinized
②An haɗa shi da saman barbashi na quartz a cikin nau'in fim ɗin ƙarfe oxide
③Ma'adanai irin su hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, da sauransu ko ma'adanai masu ɗauke da ƙarfe kamar mica, amphibole, garnet, da sauransu.
④Yana cikin yanayin nutsewa ko ruwan tabarau a cikin ƙwayoyin quartz
⑤ Yana wanzuwa a cikin yanayin maganin mai ƙarfi a cikin lu'ulu'u na quartz
⑥ Za a haɗa wani adadin ƙarfe na biyu a cikin tsarin niƙa da niƙa
Domin a raba ma'adanai masu ɗauke da ƙarfe daga ma'adinan quartz yadda ya kamata, ya zama dole a fara tantance yanayin ƙazanta na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ma'adinan quartz kuma a zaɓi hanyar da ta dace ta amfani da hanyar rabawa don cimma kawar da ƙazanta na baƙin ƙarfe.
(1) Tsarin rabuwar maganadisu
Tsarin rabuwar maganadisu zai iya cire ma'adanai masu ƙazanta kamar hematite, limonite da biotite, gami da barbashi masu haɗe-haɗe har zuwa mafi girman matsayi. Dangane da ƙarfin maganadisu, rabuwar maganadisu za a iya raba ta zuwa rabuwar maganadisu mai ƙarfi da rabuwar maganadisu mai rauni. Rabawar maganadisu mai ƙarfi yawanci tana ɗaukar rabuwar maganadisu mai ƙarfi ko rabuwar maganadisu mai tsayi.
Gabaɗaya dai, ana iya zaɓar yashi mai siffar quartz wanda ke ɗauke da ma'adanai masu rauni kamar limonite, hematite, biotite, da sauransu, ta amfani da injin maganadisu mai ƙarfi irin na danshi a ƙimar da ta wuce 8.0×105A/m; Ga ma'adanai masu ƙarfi irin na maganadisu da ƙarfe ke mamaye, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da injin maganadisu mai rauni ko injin maganadisu matsakaici don rabuwa. [2] A zamanin yau, tare da amfani da masu raba maganadisu masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, rabuwar maganadisu da tsarkakewa sun inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da na baya. Misali, amfani da na'urar raba maganadisu mai ƙarfi irin na lantarki don cire ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin filin maganadisu na 2.2T zai iya rage yawan Fe2O3 daga 0.002% zuwa 0.0002%.
(2) Tsarin iyo
Flotation tsari ne na raba barbashi na ma'adanai ta hanyar halaye daban-daban na zahiri da sinadarai a saman barbashi na ma'adanai. Babban aikin shine cire mica da feldspar na ma'adanai masu alaƙa daga yashi na quartz. Don raba flotation na ma'adanai da quartz masu ɗauke da ƙarfe, gano yanayin da ke faruwa na ƙazanta na ƙarfe da kuma nau'in rarrabawa na kowane girman barbashi shine mabuɗin zaɓar tsarin rabuwa mai kyau don cire ƙarfe. Yawancin ma'adanai masu ɗauke da ƙarfe suna da sifili na wutar lantarki sama da 5, wanda ke da caji mai kyau a cikin yanayi mai acidic, kuma a ka'ida ya dace da amfani da masu tattara anionic.
Ana iya amfani da sinadarin kitse (sabulu), hydrocarbyl sulfonate ko sulfate a matsayin mai tattara sinadarin anionic don yin iyo a ma'adinin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da sinadarin iron oxide. Pyrite na iya zama flotation na pyrite daga quartz a cikin yanayin da ake yin tsinken ciki tare da wakilin flotation na gargajiya don isobutyl xanthate da butylamine baki foda (4:1). Yawan da ake buƙata shine kimanin 200ppmw.
Ruwan da ilmenite ke sha gabaɗaya yana amfani da sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) a matsayin wakilin flotation don daidaita pH zuwa 4 ~ 10. Wani abu mai guba yana faruwa tsakanin ions na oleate da barbashi na ƙarfe a saman ilmenite don samar da baƙin ƙarfe oleate, wanda aka shake shi da sinadarai. ions na Oleate suna kiyaye ilmenite tare da ingantaccen damar iyo. Masu tattara phosphonic acid na hydrocarbon da aka haɓaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan suna da kyakkyawan zaɓi da aikin tattarawa ga ilmenite.
(3) Tsarin fitar da sinadarin acid
Babban manufar tsarin cire sinadarin acid shine cire ma'adanai na ƙarfe masu narkewa a cikin ruwan acid. Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin tsarkakewar sinadarin acid sun haɗa da girman barbashi na quartz, zafin jiki, lokaci, nau'in acid, yawan acid, rabon ruwa mai ƙarfi, da sauransu, da kuma ƙara yawan zafin jiki da ruwan acid. Tattarawa da rage radius na barbashi na quartz na iya ƙara yawan cirewa da kuma yawan cirewa na Al. Tasirin tsarkakewa na acid guda ɗaya yana da iyaka, kuma gaurayen acid ɗin yana da tasirin haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan cirewar abubuwan ƙazanta kamar Fe da K. Acid marasa tsari na yau da kullun sune HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4, H2C2O4, gabaɗaya biyu ko fiye daga cikinsu ana haɗa su kuma ana amfani da su a wani rabo.
Oxalic acid wani sinadari ne da ake amfani da shi wajen fitar da sinadarin acid. Yana iya samar da wani sinadari mai ƙarfi tare da ions na ƙarfe da aka narkar, kuma ana iya wanke ƙazanta cikin sauƙi. Yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin allurai da kuma yawan cire ƙarfe. Wasu mutane suna amfani da na'urar duban dan tayi don taimakawa wajen tsarkake sinadarin oxalic, kuma sun gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da na'urar duban dan tayi ta gargajiya, na'urar duban dan tayi tana da mafi girman ƙimar cire Fe, adadin sinadarin oxalic acid bai kai 4g/L ba, kuma yawan cire ƙarfe ya kai kashi 75.4%.
Kasancewar sinadarin acid mai narkewa da kuma sinadarin hydrofluoric acid na iya kawar da dattin ƙarfe kamar Fe, Al, Mg yadda ya kamata, amma dole ne a sarrafa adadin sinadarin hydrofluoric acid domin sinadarin hydrofluoric acid na iya lalata ƙwayoyin quartz. Amfani da nau'ikan acid daban-daban yana kuma shafar ingancin tsarin tsarkakewa. Daga cikinsu, sinadarin HCl da HF yana da mafi kyawun tasirin sarrafawa. Wasu mutane suna amfani da sinadarin HCl da HF mai gauraya don tsarkake yashin quartz bayan rabuwar maganadisu. Ta hanyar cire sinadarai, jimillar abubuwan da ba su da tsabta shine 40.71μg/g, kuma tsarkin SiO2 yana da girman 99.993wt%.
(4) Fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta
Ana amfani da ƙananan halittu don cire baƙin ƙarfe mai siriri ko kuma sanya baƙin ƙarfe a saman barbashin yashi na quartz, wanda wata dabara ce da aka ƙirƙiro kwanan nan don cire baƙin ƙarfe. Nazarin ƙasashen waje ya nuna cewa amfani da Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus da sauran ƙananan halittu don cire baƙin ƙarfe a saman fim ɗin quartz ya sami sakamako mai kyau, wanda tasirin Aspergillus niger leaching iron ya fi kyau. Yawan cire Fe2O3 galibi ya wuce 75%, kuma matakin Fe2O3 mai yawa yana ƙasa da 0.007%. Kuma an gano cewa tasirin cire baƙin ƙarfe tare da noman yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da molds kafin noman zai fi kyau.
2.2 Sauran ci gaban bincike na yashi mai siffar quartz don gilashin photovoltaic
Domin rage yawan acid, rage wahalar maganin najasa, da kuma zama mai kyau ga muhalli, Peng Shou [5] da abokan aikinsa sun bayyana wata hanya ta shirya yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe 10ppm ta hanyar amfani da hanyar da ba ta da ɗanɗano: ana amfani da quartz na jijiyoyin jini na halitta azaman kayan aiki mai amfani, da kuma murƙushe matakai uku. Niƙa mataki na farko da rarrabuwa mataki na biyu na iya samun grit 0.1~0.7mm; grit ɗin yana raba ta hanyar mataki na farko na rabuwar maganadisu da kuma mataki na biyu na cire ƙarfi daga ƙarfe na injiniya da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da ƙarfe don samun rabuwar maganadisu; rabuwar maganadisu na yashi ana samun ta ta hanyar flotation mataki na biyu. Abubuwan da ke cikin flotation na Fe2O3 sun fi ƙasa da 10ppm ƙananan yashi na quartz, flotation yana amfani da H2SO4 azaman mai sarrafawa, yana daidaita pH=2~3, yana amfani da sodium oleate da propylene diamine mai tushen man kwakwa a matsayin masu tarawa. Yashi mai siffar quartz SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, ya cika buƙatun kayan masarufi na siliceous da ake buƙata don gilashin gani, gilashin nuni na hoto, da gilashin quartz.
A gefe guda kuma, tare da raguwar albarkatun quartz masu inganci, cikakken amfani da albarkatun ƙasa ya jawo hankalin jama'a. Xie Enjun na Kamfanin Gine-gine na China Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. ya yi amfani da wutsiyar kaolin don shirya yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe don gilashin photovoltaic. Babban sinadarin ma'adinai na wutsiyar kaolin na Fujian shine quartz, wanda ke ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin ma'adanai marasa tsabta kamar kaolinite, mica, da feldspar. Bayan an sarrafa wutsiyar kaolin ta hanyar tsarin "nika-nau'in nika-hydraulic-rabewa-magnetic-flotation", abun ciki na 0.6 ~ 0.125mm girman barbashi ya fi 95%, SiO2 shine 99.62%, Al2O3 shine 0.065%, Fe2O3 shine 92×10-6 yashi mai kyau na quartz ya cika buƙatun ingancin yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe don gilashin photovoltaic.
Shao Weihua da wasu daga Cibiyar Zhengzhou ta Amfani da Albarkatun Ma'adinai, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kasa ta China, sun buga takardar izinin ƙirƙira: wata hanya don shirya yashi mai tsarki na quartz daga wutsiyar kaolin. Matakan hanyar: a. Ana amfani da wutsiyar Kaolin azaman ma'adinai mai ɗanye, wanda ake tacewa bayan an motsa shi kuma an goge shi don samun kayan +0.6mm; b. Ana niƙa kayan +0.6mm kuma ana rarraba su, kuma ana yin aikin raba maganadisu na 0.4mm0.1mm. Don samun kayan maganadisu da waɗanda ba na maganadisu ba, kayan da ba na maganadisu ba suna shiga aikin raba nauyi don samun ma'adanai masu haske na rabuwa nauyi da kuma rabuwa nauyi, kuma ma'adanai masu haske na rabuwa nauyi suna shiga aikin niƙa don tantancewa don samun ma'adanai +0.1mm; c.+0.1mm. Ma'adinan yana shiga aikin niƙa don samun tattara ruwa. Ana cire ruwan sama na ruwan sama sannan a tace shi ta hanyar ultrasonic, sannan a tace don samun kayan +0.1mm mai kauri kamar yashi mai tsarki na quartz. Hanyar ƙirƙirar ba wai kawai za ta iya samun samfuran quartz masu inganci ba, har ma tana da ɗan gajeren lokacin sarrafawa, sauƙin tafiyar aiki, ƙarancin amfani da kuzari, da kuma ingancin quartz da aka samu, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun ingancin quartz mai tsarki.
Tayoyin Kaolin suna ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na albarkatun quartz. Ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, tsarkakewa da kuma sarrafa su sosai, suna iya biyan buƙatun amfani da kayan aikin gilashin photovoltaic masu haske. Wannan kuma yana ba da sabuwar shawara don amfani da albarkatun kaolin masu ƙarfi gaba ɗaya.
3. Bayani kan kasuwa game da yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe don gilashin photovoltaic
A gefe guda, a rabin na biyu na 2020, ƙarfin samarwa da faɗaɗawa ba zai iya jure wa buƙatar fashewa a ƙarƙashin babban wadata ba. Samarwa da buƙatar gilashin photovoltaic ba su daidaita ba, kuma farashin yana ƙaruwa. A ƙarƙashin kiran haɗin gwiwa na kamfanonin tsarin photovoltaic da yawa, a watan Disamba na 2020, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai ta fitar da takarda da ke fayyace cewa aikin gilashin photovoltaic da aka yi birgima ba zai iya tsara tsarin maye gurbin ƙarfin aiki ba. Sakamakon sabuwar manufar, za a faɗaɗa yawan haɓakar samar da gilashin photovoltaic daga 2021. A cewar bayanan jama'a, ƙarfin gilashin photovoltaic da aka yi birgima tare da cikakken tsari na samarwa a 21/22 zai kai 22250/26590t/d, tare da ƙimar girma ta shekara-shekara ta 68.4/48.6%. A cikin yanayin manufofi da garantin gefe, ana sa ran yashi na photovoltaic zai haifar da ƙaruwar fashewa.
2015-2022 ƙarfin samar da gilashin photovoltaic masana'antar
A gefe guda kuma, ƙaruwar ƙarfin samar da gilashin photovoltaic na iya sa samar da yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe ya wuce yadda ake buƙata, wanda hakan ke takaita samar da ainihin ƙarfin samar da gilashin photovoltaic. A cewar ƙididdiga, tun daga shekarar 2014, samar da yashi mai siffar quartz a cikin ƙasata gabaɗaya ya ɗan yi ƙasa da buƙatun cikin gida, kuma wadata da buƙata sun ci gaba da kasancewa da daidaito sosai.
A lokaci guda kuma, albarkatun ƙasa na ƙasata da ba su da ƙarfe sosai suna da ƙarancin amfani, suna da yawa a Heyuan na Guangdong, Beihai na Guangxi, Fengyang na Anhui da Donghai na Jiangsu, kuma akwai buƙatar a shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje.
Yashi mai launin fari mai ƙarancin ƙarfe yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan albarkatun ƙasa (wanda ya kai kusan kashi 25% na farashin kayan) a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Farashin kuma yana ƙaruwa. A baya, ya kasance kusan yuan 200/ton na tsawon lokaci. Bayan barkewar annobar Q1 a cikin shekaru 20, ya faɗi daga wani matsayi mai girma, kuma a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da aiki yadda ya kamata a yanzu.
A shekarar 2020, jimillar buƙatar ƙasata ta yashi mai siffar quartz zai kai tan miliyan 90.93, yawan fitowar zai kai tan miliyan 87.65, kuma yawan shigo da shi daga ƙasashen waje zai kai tan miliyan 3.278. A cewar bayanan jama'a, adadin dutsen quartz a cikin kilogiram 100 na gilashin narkakken ya kai kimanin kilogiram 72.2. A bisa ga shirin faɗaɗawa na yanzu, ƙaruwar ƙarfin gilashin photovoltaic a shekarar 2021/2022 na iya kaiwa 3.23/24500t/d, bisa ga yawan samarwa na shekara-shekara. An ƙididdige jimillar samarwa a cikin kwanaki 360, wanda zai yi daidai da sabon ƙaruwar buƙatar yashi mai siffar quartz mai siffar quartz mai siffar quartz mai girman tan miliyan 836/635/shekara, wato, sabon buƙatar yashi mai siffar quartz mai girman quartz wanda gilashin photovoltaic ya kawo a shekarar 2021/2022 zai yi daidai da jimillar yashi mai siffar quartz a shekarar 2020, kashi 9.2%/7.0% na buƙatar. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe yana wakiltar wani ɓangare ne kawai na jimlar buƙatar yashi na silica, matsi da buƙata akan yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe wanda babban jarin da aka yi na samar da gilashin photovoltaic zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da matsin lambar da ke kan masana'antar yashi na quartz gaba ɗaya.
—Labarin daga Powder Network
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-11-2021