A lokacin "tsarin shekaru biyar na 14th", bisa ga tsarin dabarun "carbon kololuwar carbon da carbon neutral" na kasar, masana'antar daukar hoto za ta haifar da ci gaba mai fashewa. Barkewar masana'antar photovoltaic ya "hairƙirar dukiya" ga dukan sarkar masana'antu. A cikin wannan sarkar mai ban mamaki, gilashin hotovoltaic hanya ce mai mahimmanci. A yau, bayar da shawarar kiyaye makamashi da kare muhalli, buƙatun gilashin photovoltaic yana ƙaruwa kowace rana, kuma akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wadata da buƙata. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙananan baƙin ƙarfe da ultra-white quartz yashi, wani muhimmin abu don gilashin photovoltaic, ya kuma tashi, kuma farashin ya karu kuma yana da ƙarancin wadata. Masana masana'antu sun yi hasashen cewa yashin ma'adini mai ƙarancin ƙarfe zai sami karuwa na dogon lokaci fiye da 15% fiye da shekaru 10. A ƙarƙashin iska mai ƙarfi na photovoltaic, samar da ƙananan yashi ma'adini na baƙin ƙarfe ya jawo hankali sosai.
1. Yashi ma'adini don gilashin photovoltaic
Gilashin hoto ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya azaman rukunin encapsulation na samfuran hotovoltaic, kuma yana cikin hulɗar kai tsaye tare da yanayin waje. Juriyar yanayinsa, ƙarfinsa, watsa haske da sauran alamun suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar ƙirar ƙirar hoto da ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci. ions baƙin ƙarfe a cikin yashi quartz suna da sauƙin rini, kuma don tabbatar da isar da hasken rana mai girma na gilashin asali, abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe na gilashin photovoltaic yana da ƙasa da na gilashin talakawa, da ƙananan yashi ma'adini mai ƙananan ƙarfe tare da babban tsarki na silicon. kuma dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarancin ƙazanta.
A halin yanzu, akwai ƴan yashi marasa ƙarancin ƙarfe waɗanda ke da sauƙin haƙar ma'adinai a ƙasarmu, kuma ana rarraba su a Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan da sauran wurare. A nan gaba, tare da haɓaka ƙarfin samar da gilashin ultra-fari embossed don ƙwayoyin hasken rana, yashi mai inganci mai inganci tare da iyakanceccen yanki na samarwa zai zama ƙarancin albarkatu. Samar da yashi mai inganci da kwanciyar hankali na quartz zai iyakance gasa ga kamfanonin gilashin hoto a nan gaba. Sabili da haka, yadda za a rage abun ciki na ƙarfe, aluminum, titanium da sauran abubuwan da ba su da kyau a cikin yashi ma'adini da kuma shirya yashi ma'adini mai tsafta shine batun bincike mai zafi.
2. Samar da ƙananan yashi ma'adini na baƙin ƙarfe don gilashin photovoltaic
2.1 Tsaftace Sand Quartz don Gilashin Hoto
A halin yanzu, da gargajiya ma'adini tsarkakewa tafiyar matakai da ake matuturely amfani a cikin masana'antu hada da rarrabewa, scrubbing, calcination-ruwa quenching, nika, sieving, Magnetic rabuwa, nauyi rabuwa, flotation, acid leaching, microbial leaching, high zazzabi degassing, da dai sauransu. Tsarin tsarkakewa mai zurfi sun haɗa da gasasshen chlorinated, rarrabuwar launi mai haske, rarrabawar maganadisu mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin zafin jiki da sauransu. An kuma haɓaka tsarin fa'ida na gama-gari na tsabtace yashi na cikin gida daga farkon "niƙa, rabuwar maganadisu, wankewa" zuwa "raɓawa → m murƙushewa → calcination → quenching ruwa → niƙa → nunawa → magnetic rabuwa → flotation → acid A hade tsarin fa'ida na nutsewa → wankewa → bushewa, haɗe tare da microwave, ultrasonic da sauran hanyoyin don pretreatment ko tsarkakewa na taimako, yana inganta tasirin tsarkakewa sosai. Dangane da ƙananan buƙatun ƙarfe na gilashin photovoltaic, bincike da haɓaka hanyoyin kawar da yashi na quartz sun fi gabatar da su.
Gabaɗaya ƙarfe yana wanzuwa a cikin nau'ikan gama gari guda shida masu zuwa a cikin ma'adinan quartz:
① Akwai a cikin nau'i mai kyau a cikin yumbu ko kaolinized feldspar
②An haɗe zuwa saman ɓangarorin quartz a cikin nau'in fim ɗin baƙin ƙarfe oxide
③Ma'adinan ƙarfe irin su hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, da dai sauransu ko ma'adanai masu ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe irin su mica, amphibole, garnet, da dai sauransu.
④ Yana cikin yanayin nutsewa ko ruwan tabarau a cikin barbashi na quartz
⑤ Akwai a cikin yanayin ingantaccen bayani a cikin kristal quartz
⑥ Wani adadin ƙarfe na biyu za a haxa shi a cikin aikin murkushewa da niƙa
Don raba ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe yadda ya kamata daga ma'adini, dole ne a fara tabbatar da yanayin ƙazanta na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ma'adinan ma'adini kuma zaɓi hanyar fa'ida mai ma'ana da tsarin rabuwa don cimma nasarar kawar da ƙazantattun ƙarfe.
(1) Tsarin rabuwa na Magnetic
Tsarin rabuwar maganadisu na iya cire raunin ma'adanai na ƙazanta na maganadisu kamar su hematite, limonite da biotite gami da ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa zuwa mafi girma. Dangane da ƙarfin maganadisu, ana iya raba rabewar maganadisu zuwa rarrabuwar maganadisu mai ƙarfi da raunin maganadisu. Ƙarfin maganadisu mai ƙarfi yawanci yana ɗaukar rigar mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na maganadisu ko babban mai raba maganadisu.
Gabaɗaya magana, yashi ma'adini wanda ke ɗauke da ma'adanai masu ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar su limonite, hematite, biotite, da sauransu, ana iya zaɓar su ta amfani da na'ura mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a nau'in jika a ƙimar sama da 8.0 × 105A/m; Don ma'adinan maganadisu mai ƙarfi wanda ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya mamaye, yana da kyau a yi amfani da injin maganadisu mai rauni ko na'urar maganadisu mai matsakaici don rabuwa. [2] A zamanin yau, tare da aikace-aikace na high-gradient da karfi Magnetic separators, Magnetic rabuwa da tsarkakewa an inganta sosai idan aka kwatanta da baya. Misali, yin amfani da na'urar nadi na induction na lantarki mai ƙarfi mai rarrabuwar maganadisu don cire baƙin ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin filin maganadisu na 2.2T na iya rage abun ciki na Fe2O3 daga 0.002% zuwa 0.0002%.
(2) Tsarin ruwa
Ruwan ruwa wani tsari ne na raba ɓangarorin ma'adinai ta hanyar nau'ikan kayan jiki da sinadarai daban-daban a saman abubuwan ma'adinai. Babban aikin shine cire mica mai ma'adinai da feldspar mai alaƙa daga yashi quartz. Domin flotation rabuwa da baƙin ƙarfe-dauke da ma'adanai da ma'adini, gano abin da ya faru nau'i na baƙin ƙarfe impurities da kuma rarraba nau'i na kowane barbashi size ne key to zabar wani dace rabuwa tsari ga baƙin ƙarfe kau. Yawancin ma'adanai da ke ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe suna da ma'aunin lantarki na sifili sama da 5, wanda aka yi cajin gaske a cikin yanayin acidic, kuma bisa ka'ida ya dace da amfani da masu tattara anionic.
Fatty acid (sabulu), hydrocarbyl sulfonate ko sulfate za a iya amfani dashi azaman mai tarawa anionic don yawo na baƙin ƙarfe oxide tama. Pyrite na iya zama flotation na pyrite daga ma'adini a cikin yanayi mai tsinkewa tare da wakilin flotation na gargajiya don isobutyl xanthate da butylamine baki foda (4: 1). Matsakaicin shine kusan 200ppmw.
Ruwan ruwa na ilmenite gabaɗaya yana amfani da sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) azaman wakili na iyo don daidaita pH zuwa 4 ~ 10. Halin sinadarai yana faruwa tsakanin ions oleate da baƙin ƙarfe a saman ilmenite don samar da oleate na ƙarfe, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar sinadaran Oleate ions yana kiyaye ilmenite tare da mafi kyawun ruwa. Masu tattara phosphonic acid na tushen hydrocarbon da aka haɓaka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan suna da zaɓi mai kyau da aikin tattarawa don ilmenite.
(3) Tsarin leaching Acid
Babban manufar tsarin leaching acid shine don cire ma'adinan ƙarfe mai narkewa a cikin maganin acid. Abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin tsarkakewa na leaching acid sun haɗa da girman yashi ma'adini, zafin jiki, lokaci, nau'in acid, ƙwayar acid, rabo mai ƙarfi, da sauransu, da ƙara yawan zafin jiki da maganin acid. Hankali da rage radius na barbashi ma'adini na iya ƙara yawan leaching da ƙimar leaching na Al. Tasirin tsarkakewa na acid guda ɗaya yana iyakance, kuma gauraye acid yana da tasirin daidaitawa, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan adadin kau da ƙazanta irin su Fe da K. Common inorganic acid su ne HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HCLO4. , H2C2O4, gabaɗaya biyu ko fiye daga cikinsu ana gauraye kuma ana amfani da su ta wani kaso.
Oxalic acid shine Organic acid da aka saba amfani dashi don leaching acid. Zai iya samar da ingantacciyar hadaddun barga tare da narkar da ions karfe, kuma ana iya wanke ƙazanta cikin sauƙi. Yana yana da abũbuwan amfãni na low sashi da kuma high baƙin ƙarfe cire kudi. Wasu mutane suna amfani da duban dan tayi don taimakawa tsarkakewar oxalic acid, kuma sun gano cewa idan aka kwatanta da motsa jiki na al'ada da duban dan tayi, bincike na duban dan tayi yana da mafi girman ƙimar Fe, adadin oxalic acid bai wuce 4g/L ba, kuma adadin cire baƙin ƙarfe ya kai. 75.4%.
Kasancewar acid dilute da hydrofluoric acid na iya cire ƙazantattun ƙarfe kamar Fe, Al, Mg yadda ya kamata, amma adadin hydrofluoric acid dole ne a sarrafa shi saboda hydrofluoric acid na iya lalata ƙwayoyin ma'adini. Yin amfani da nau'ikan acid daban-daban kuma yana shafar ingancin tsarin tsarkakewa. Daga cikin su, gauraye acid na HCl da HF yana da mafi kyawun sakamako. Wasu mutane suna amfani da HCl da HF mai gauraya leaching don tsarkake yashin ma'adini bayan rabuwar maganadisu. Ta hanyar leaching sinadarai, jimillar abubuwan ƙazanta shine 40.71μg/g, kuma tsarkin SiO2 ya kai 99.993wt%.
(4) Leaching Microbial
Ana amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don zubar da baƙin ƙarfe na bakin ciki ko baƙin ƙarfe a kan saman yashi na quartz, wanda wata fasaha ce ta kwanan nan don cire ƙarfe. Nazarin kasashen waje ya nuna cewa amfani da Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus da sauran kwayoyin halitta zuwa leaching baƙin ƙarfe a saman na quartz fim ya samu sakamako mai kyau, wanda sakamakon Aspergillus niger leaching baƙin ƙarfe mafi kyau duka. Yawan cire Fe2O3 ya fi yawa sama da 75%, kuma darajar Fe2O3 mai da hankali yana da ƙasa da 0.007%. Kuma an gano cewa tasirin leaching ƙarfe tare da riga-kafi na yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta zai fi kyau.
2.2 Sauran ci gaban bincike na yashi quartz don gilashin hoto
Domin rage adadin acid, rage wahalar kula da najasa, da kuma zama masu son muhalli, Peng Shou [5] et al. bayyana hanyar da za a shirya 10ppm low-iron ma'adini yashi ta hanyar da ba pickling tsari: halitta jijiya ma'adini da ake amfani da a matsayin albarkatun kasa, da uku-mataki crushing, Mataki na farko nika da na biyu mataki rarrabuwa iya samun 0.1 ~ 0.7mm grit. ; grit ya rabu da mataki na farko na rabuwar maganadisu da mataki na biyu na ƙaƙƙarfan kawar da baƙin ƙarfe na inji da ma'adanai masu ɗaukar ƙarfe don samun yashi na rabuwa na maganadisu; Ana samun rabuwar maganadisu na yashi ta mataki na biyu flotation Fe2O3 abun ciki yana ƙasa da 10ppm low-iron quartz yashi, flotation yana amfani da H2SO4 a matsayin mai tsarawa, daidaita pH = 2 ~ 3, yana amfani da sodium oleate da kwakwa na tushen propylene diamine a matsayin masu tarawa. . Yashin ma'adini da aka shirya SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, ya dace da buƙatun albarkatun siliceous da ake buƙata don gilashin gani, gilashin nunin hoto, da gilashin ma'adini.
A gefe guda kuma, tare da raguwar albarkatun ma'adini masu inganci, cikakken amfani da albarkatun ƙananan ƙananan ya jawo hankalin jama'a. Xie Enjun na Sin Gina Kayayyakin Gilashin Bengbu Gilashin Masana'antu da Cibiyar Bincike Co., Ltd. ya yi amfani da wutsiya na kaolin don shirya yashi ma'adini mai ƙananan ƙarfe don gilashin photovoltaic. Babban ma'adinai na Fujian kaolin wutsiya shine ma'adini, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ma'adanai na ƙazanta kamar kaolinite, mica, da feldspar. Bayan kaolin wutsiya ana sarrafa ta hanyar beneficiation tsari na "nika-na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa rarrabuwa-magnetic rabuwa-flotation", da abun ciki na 0.6 ~ 0.125mm barbashi size ne mafi girma fiye da 95%, SiO2 ne 99.62%, Al2O3 ne 0.065%, Fe2O3 ne. 92 × 10-6 yashi mai kyau na ma'adini ya sadu da ingancin buƙatun ƙananan yashi ma'adini na ƙarfe don gilashin hotovoltaic.
Shao Weihua da wasu daga cibiyar yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai na Zhengzhou, kwalejin kimiyyar nazarin kasa ta kasar Sin, sun buga wata fasahar kirkire-kirkire: hanyar shirya yashi mai tsafta mai tsafta daga wutsiyar kaolin. Hanyar matakai: a. Ana amfani da wutsiyar Kaolin azaman ɗanyen tama, wanda aka siffata bayan an motsa shi kuma an goge shi don samun kayan + 0.6mm; b. + 0.6mm abu ne ƙasa da classified, da kuma 0.4mm0.1mm ma'adinai abu ne hõre Magnetic rabuwa aiki, Don samun Magnetic da wadanda ba Magnetic kayan, da wadanda ba Magnetic kayan shiga nauyi rabuwa aiki don samun nauyi rabuwa haske ma'adanai da kuma Rarraba nauyi ma'adanai masu nauyi, da ma'adinan ma'adinai masu nauyi suna shiga aikin regrind don nunawa don samun + 0.1mm ma'adanai; c.+0.1mm Ma'adinan yana shiga cikin aikin motsa jiki don samun ɗigon ruwa. Ruwa na sama na flotation tattara an cire sannan ultrasonically pickled, sa'an nan sieved don samun +0.1mm m abu kamar high-tsarki ma'adini yashi. Hanyar ƙirƙira ba za ta iya samun samfurori masu mahimmanci na ma'adini ba kawai, amma kuma yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci na sarrafawa, sauƙi mai sauƙi, rashin amfani da makamashi, da kuma ingancin ma'aunin ma'adini da aka samu, wanda zai iya biyan bukatun ingancin tsabta. quartz.
Wutsiyoyi na Kaolin sun ƙunshi babban adadin albarkatun ma'adini. Ta hanyar fa'ida, tsarkakewa da aiki mai zurfi, zai iya saduwa da buƙatun don amfani da kayan albarkatun gilashin ultra-fari na hotovoltaic. Wannan kuma yana ba da sabon ra'ayi don cikakken amfani da albarkatun wutsiya na kaolin.
3. Bayanin kasuwa na ƙananan ƙarfe ma'adini yashi don gilashin photovoltaic
A gefe guda, a cikin rabin na biyu na 2020, ƙarfin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa ba zai iya jure buƙatun fashewar a ƙarƙashin babban wadata ba. Samar da buƙatun gilashin photovoltaic ba daidai ba ne, kuma farashin yana ƙaruwa. A ƙarƙashin kiran haɗin gwiwa na yawancin kamfanoni masu ƙirar hoto, a cikin Disamba 2020, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta ba da daftarin aiki da ke fayyace cewa aikin gilashin birgima na hoto mai yiwuwa ba zai iya tsara tsarin maye gurbin ƙarfin ba. Sakamakon sabon manufar, za a fadada girman girman samar da gilashin photovoltaic daga 2021. Bisa ga bayanin jama'a, ƙarfin gilashin gilashin da aka yi birgima tare da wani tsari mai mahimmanci don samarwa a cikin 21/22 zai kai 22250 / 26590t / d, tare da wani Yawan ci gaban shekara na 68.4/48.6%. A cikin yanayin siyasa da garantin buƙatu, ana sa ran yashin hoto zai haifar da haɓakar fashewar abubuwa.
2015-2022 photovoltaic gilashin samar iya aiki
A gefe guda, haɓaka mai yawa a cikin ƙarfin samar da gilashin photovoltaic na iya haifar da samar da yashi na silica mai ƙarancin ƙarfe ya wuce wadata, wanda hakan ya hana ainihin samar da ƙarfin samar da gilashin hoto. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, tun daga shekarar 2014, yawan yashi na cikin gida na kasata ya dan ragu kadan fiye da bukatar gida, kuma wadata da bukatu sun kiyaye daidaito.
A sa'i daya kuma, albarkatun kasata na cikin gida da ke da karancin karfen ma'adini ba su da yawa, sun taru a Heyuan na Guangdong, da Beihai na Guangxi, da Fengyang na Anhui da Donghai na Jiangsu, kuma akwai bukatar shigo da adadi mai yawa daga kasashen waje.
Yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe ultra-fari ma'adini yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman albarkatun ƙasa (lissafin kusan kashi 25% na farashin albarkatun ƙasa) a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Hakanan farashin ya tashi. A baya, ya kai kusan yuan 200/ton na dogon lokaci. Bayan barkewar annobar Q1 a cikin shekaru 20, ta ragu daga matsayi mai girma, kuma a halin yanzu tana ci gaba da aiki tuƙuru.
A shekarar 2020, yawan bukatar kasata na yashi quartz zai kai ton miliyan 90.93, abin da za a samu zai zama ton miliyan 87.65, sannan shigar da net din zai zama tan miliyan 3.278. Bisa ga bayanan jama'a, adadin dutsen quartz a cikin 100kg na narkakken gilashin ya kai kimanin 72.2kg. Dangane da shirin faɗaɗawa na yanzu, ƙarfin ƙarfin gilashin hotovoltaic a cikin 2021/2022 na iya kaiwa 3.23/24500t/d, bisa ga samarwa na shekara-shekara da aka ƙididdige tsawon kwanaki 360, jimlar samarwa zai dace da sabon ƙarar buƙatu don ƙarancin ƙasa. -iron silica yashi na 836/635 ton miliyan / shekara, wato, sabon buƙatar yashi silica mai ƙarancin ƙarfe wanda gilashin photovoltaic ya kawo a cikin 2021/2022 zai ƙididdige yawan yashi ma'adini a cikin 2020 9.2% / 7.0% na buƙatun. . Idan akai la'akari da cewa ƙananan yashi silica yashi kawai yana lissafin wani ɓangare na jimlar silica yashi na buƙatun, wadata da buƙatar matsa lamba akan yashi mai ƙarancin ƙarfe wanda ya haifar da babban zuba jari na ƙarfin samar da gilashin photovoltaic na iya zama mafi girma fiye da matsa lamba akan. gaba ɗaya masana'antar yashi ma'adini.
-Labarai daga hanyar sadarwa ta foda
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-11-2021