[Huate Mineral Processing Encyclopedia] Bayyana sirrin Kaolin: wani kyakkyawan sauyi daga ƙasa zuwa kayan fasaha masu inganci
Kaolin wani ma'adinai ne wanda ba na ƙarfe ba, wani nau'in dutse ne na yumbu da yumbu wanda galibi ya ƙunshiMa'adanai na yumbu na Kaolinite. Saboda fari ne kuma mai laushi, ana kuma kiransa da ƙasar Dolomitic. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Gaoling Village, Jingdezhen, Lardin Jiangxi. Tsarkakken Kaolin ɗinsa fari ne, mai laushi, mai laushi da ƙasa, kuma yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da sinadarai kamar su ƙarfin lantarki da juriya ga wuta. Mafi yawan abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adinansa sun ƙunshi Kaolinite, Halloysite, Hydromica, Illite, Montmorillonite, Quartz, Feldspar da sauran ma'adanai.
Kaolin wani ma'adinai ne da aka saba da shi kuma mai matuƙar muhimmanci a yanayi. Ana samunsa ne ta hanyar wargaza feldspar ko wasu ma'adanai na silicate a cikin duwatsu masu kama da na ƙarfe da kuma na metamorphic a cikin kafofin acidic waɗanda ba su da ƙarfen alkali da ƙarfen ƙasa na alkaline.
Rarraba 01
Rarraba ƙasa
Ma'adanai da ke cikin Kaolin a yanayi galibi an raba su zuwa ma'adanai na yumbu da ma'adanai marasa yumbu. Daga cikinsu, ma'adanai na yumbu galibi sun haɗa da ma'adanai na Kaolinite da ƙaramin adadin Montmorillonite, mica da Chlorite; ma'adanai marasa yumbu galibi sun haɗa da feldspar, quartz da ma'adanai masu ruwa-ruwa, da kuma wasu ma'adanai na ƙarfe kamar hematite da Rhosite, Iron ma'adinai, Limonite, da sauransu, ma'adanai na titanium kamar Rutile, da sauransu da kuma abubuwan halitta kamar zare na shuka, da sauransu. Galibi ma'adanai ne ke tantance halayen Kaolin.
Rarraba dalilai
Dangane da asalin ma'adinan Kaolin da kuma bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da ilimin ƙasa na Ma'adinai, yanayin ƙasa, girman ma'adinan, yanayin jikin ma'adinai da halayen abin da ya faru, abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adinan da aka nuna a cikin hanyoyin ma'adinai daban-daban, "Lambar Binciken Geological na Kaolin Mine" za a raba ma'adinan Kaolin na China zuwa nau'i uku da ƙananan nau'i shida.
Nau'in yanayi:An ƙara raba shi zuwa nau'in ragowar yanayi da kuma nau'in leaching na yanayi.
Nau'in canjin hydrothermal:An ƙara raba shi zuwa nau'in canjin yanayin hydrothermal da kuma nau'in canjin yanayin zafi na zamani.
Nau'in sedimentary:An raba shi zuwa nau'ikan sedimentary da sedimentary-weathering da kuma nau'in claystone na Kaolinite a cikin sassan da ke ɗauke da kwal.
Nau'in Masana'antu
Dangane da asalin ma'adinan Kaolin, "Kayyade-kayyade na Binciken Kasa na Kaolin" ya raba ma'adinan Kaolin na kasar Sin zuwa nau'i uku da nau'i shida bisa ga bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin ilimin ƙasa na Ma'adinai, yanayin ƙasa, girman ma'adinan, yanayin jikin ma'adinai da halayen faruwa, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ma'adinai daban-daban da aka nuna ta hanyar hanyoyin Ma'adinai daban-daban. Dangane da yanayinsu, ƙarfinsu, da kuma girman yashi, an raba su zuwa nau'i uku:
Mai TauriKaolin: mai tauri kuma ba roba ba, yana zama roba bayan an niƙa shi an niƙa shi.
Mai laushiKaolin:laushi, mai yawan filastik, kuma yashi ya ƙunshi ƙasa da kashi 50%.
SandyKaolin:laushi mai laushi, ƙarancin filastik, ƙashi na yashi> 50%.
02 Asali
Albarkatun ma'adinai na Kaolin na kasar Sin suna cikin sahun gaba a duniya, inda aka tabbatar da ma'adanai 267 da kuma ma'adanai da aka tabbatar da su na tan biliyan 2.91. Daga cikinsu: albarkatun kasa na kasata wadanda ba na kwal ba. Albarkatun Kaolin suna matsayi na biyar a duniya. Ma'adanai da aka tabbatar sun kai tan biliyan 1.468, galibi suna da yawa a lardunan Guangdong, Shaanxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan da Jiangsu, wadanda suka kai kashi 84.55% na jimillar ma'adanai na kasar; Ma'adanai na Kaolin (Kaolinite) na kasar Sin suna matsayi na farko a duniya, tare da ma'adanai da aka tabbatar sun kai tan biliyan 1.442, galibi suna rarrabawa a Datong, Huairen, Shuozhou, Shanxi, Jungar, Wuda, Mongolia ta ciki, Huaibei, Anhui, Hancheng, Shaanxi, da sauransu, wadanda daga cikinsu akwai ma'adanai na Jungar da ke cikin Inner Mongolia da ke da mafi yawan albarkatu.
Akwai manyan ma'ajiyar Kaolin guda biyar a China:
(1) Garin Jiepai, gundumar Hengyang, Lardin Hunan yana da wadataccen albarkatun ma'adinai. Rijiyoyin Kaolin, Nepheline, Feldspar da Quartz sun kai tan miliyan 200, kuma akwai kusan kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai 40. Yankin haƙar ma'adinai na Dapailing (galibi ma'adinan Kaolin) yana da wurin haƙar ma'adinai guda ɗaya na tan miliyan 80, wanda ke matsayi na farko a Asiya. Yawan haƙar ma'adinai da garin ke samarwa kowace shekara ya wuce tan 500,000, wanda ke samar da daruruwan masana'antun yumbu a faɗin ƙasar.
(2) Kaolin a yankin Maoming. Ma'adinan Kaolin da ke cikin Tekun Maoming wani yanki ne na dutse mai laushi wanda ke fuskantar ruwan sama. Quartz da sauran yashi da ke cikinsa sun fi kashi 50%, don haka ana kiransa da yashi Kaolin. Dangane da asali, Maoming Kaolin ta sha matakai uku na ragowar yanayi - jigilar kaya da niƙa kai - sannan ta yi zafi. Kaolin yana da yanayi gaba ɗaya, kuma wafers ɗin galibi suna da tsari ɗaya kawai tare da ƙananan girman barbashi. Ana amfani da su galibi azaman kayan aiki don yin rufin takarda.
(3) Longyan Kaolin wani wurin ajiyar Kaolin ne da ya lalace. Tunda sinadarin ƙarfe bai kai kashi 0.3% ba, titanium bai kai kashi 0.02% ba, kuma yana ɗauke da wani adadin sinadarin mai rage zafi (Li2O), abu ne mai kyau ga kayan da ake amfani da su wajen yin faranti na lantarki, amfani da su a kullum, da kuma faranti na fasaha.
(4) Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin, wannan wurin ajiyar ruwa ne mai canza yanayin zafi na Kaolin.Sinadarin sinadarai na laka ta Suzhou Yangshan mai laushi mai tsabta yana da kusanci da tsarin ka'idar Kaolinite. Yawan Al2O3 na iya kaiwa kusan kashi 39.0%, tare da launin fari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da shi galibi don ɗaukar abubuwan kara kuzari da kayan albarkatun sinadarai.
(5) Hepu Kaolin. Wani ma'ajiyar Kaolin ce da ta lalace. Ana amfani da ita galibi a matsayin kayan gini don gina tukwane.
(6) Jerin kwal na Arewa Kaolin. Kaolinite ne mai narkewa a cikin ƙasa, wanda galibi ana rarraba shi a yankunan da ake samar da kwal a ƙasarmu, kuma ana iya amfani da shi wajen gini, shafa, fenti da kuma shafa takarda - ƙasa mai tushen kwal.
Manyan yankunan samar da kayayyaki guda shida da aka ambata a sama sun kai sama da kashi 80% na yawan kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke samarwa, kuma su ne manyan wakilai a fannin nau'ikan albarkatu.
03Kuse
Kaolin yana da amfani iri-iri, galibi saboda ƙarfinsa, mannewa, wasu ƙarfin bushewa, halayen sintering da kuma farin bayan wuta, wanda hakan ya sanya shi babban kayan da ake amfani da shi don samar da yumbu; fari ne, mai laushi, mai narkewa sosai, mai sha. Kyakkyawan halayensa na tsari kamar halayen sinadarai da rashin daidaituwar sinadarai sun sa ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar takarda. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da Kaolin sosai a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu kamar roba, robobi, masu hana ruwa gudu, da tace mai, da kuma fasahar zamani a fannin noma da tsaron ƙasa. Ana amfani da shi galibi a masana'antar yumbu, shafa, kayan hana ruwa gudu, yin takarda, fenti, roba, faranti mai inganci, wayoyi da kebul, robobi na masana'antu, abubuwan cika masana'antar sinadarai, tawada, abinci, kayan kwalliya, magunguna, da sauransu, suna maye gurbin lithopone da wani ɓangare na titanium a cikin fenti da rufi. Farin foda da sauran kayayyaki masu tsada.
04 Fasahar Sarrafawa
Domin raba ma'adanai marasa yumbu da abubuwan halitta kamar quartz, feldspar, mica, ma'adanai na ƙarfe, ma'adanai na titanium, da sauransu a cikin Kaolin da kuma samar da kayayyakin Kaolin waɗanda za su iya biyan buƙatun fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu, ban da amfani da rabuwar nauyi, flotation, rabuwar maganadisu, da sauransu don tsarkakewa da cire ƙazanta daga Kaolin, wani lokacin kuma yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da hanyoyin sarrafawa masu zurfi kamar bleaching na sinadarai, ultrafine flaking, calcination, da gyaran saman don magance Kaolin.
(1) Rarraba na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa
Rarraba na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ya haɗa da rarraba karkace (raba yashi mai kauri +1mm), rarraba tankin sedimentation (raba yashi mai kauri +0.053mm), rarraba hydrocyclone (raba yashi mai kauri -0.053mm), rarraba centrifugal ko rarraba hydrocyclone mai kauri (don rarraba barbashi mai kauri 0.002-0.010mm).
(2) Rabuwar maganadisu mai zurfi mai zurfi
Ana samar da ƙarfin filin maganadisu na sama da 1 600 kA/m ta hanyar amfani da na'urar tattara maganadisu don cire Fe2O3 da TiO2 daga Kaolin da kuma samar da rufin takarda da kayan aikin yumbu masu inganci.
(3) Zaɓaɓɓen flocculation
Ta hanyar ƙara flocculants, ana ware ƙazanta kamar su quartz mai laushi, pyrite, alunite, da sauransu don samar da Kaolin mai rufi da ruwan wukake. Flocculants da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da sodium hexametaphosphate, ammonium polyacrylamide, gilashin ruwa, da sauransu.
(4) Yin amfani da sinadarai wajen yin bleaching
Ana ƙara sinadaran yin bleaching kamar foda na inshora don rage yawan baƙin ƙarfe mai yawa a cikin limonite da hematite a cikin Kaolin zuwa ƙarfe mai narkewa mai narkewa, ko kuma a ƙara oxidants don oxidize pyrite da rini da ƙazanta don inganta farin Kaolin.
(5) Barewa
A cikin injin da ke fashewa, ana amfani da ƙananan ƙwallon matsakaici don yin niƙa, ta yadda ƙwayoyin Kaolin za su rabu zuwa ƙananan lu'ulu'u, suna samar da Kaolin mai rufi da ruwan wukake tare da girman ƙwayoyin da bai wuce 2μm ba kuma suna da abun ciki fiye da 90%.
(6) Lissafi
Idan aka yi amfani da sinadarin calcine a zafin 800-1000℃, Kaolin yana rasa ruwa, sai ya canza yanayinsa, wasu ƙazanta kuma su yi ta lalacewa, wanda hakan ke inganta farin da rufin Kaolin kuma ana amfani da shi wajen samar da kebul da kuma roba da kuma filastik. Calcination wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sarrafa Kaolin mai tauri (mai tauri).
(7) Gyaran saman
Ana shafa yumbun Kaolin da wani abu da ke haɗa abu, da sauransu, don ƙara yawan yumbun Kaolin da aka ƙara a cikin robar filastik, kuma ana amfani da shi don magance cika yumbun Kaolin don robobi na roba.
Daga cikinsu, rabuwar maganadisu wata hanya ce ta rabuwar ma'adinai ta zahiri da ake amfani da ita sosai a fagen sarrafa ma'adinai. Babban ƙa'idarta ita ce amfani da bambance-bambancen maganadisu na ma'adanai don cimma rabuwa. Dangane da halayen maganadisu na ma'adanai, rabuwar maganadisu za a iya raba ta zuwa rabuwar maganadisu mai ƙarfi, rabuwar maganadisu mai rauni, rabuwar maganadisu mai juyawa da rabuwar maganadisu mai girma don biyan buƙatun ma'adanai daban-daban. Kayan aikin sarrafa ma'adinai galibi sun haɗa da masu raba maganadisu na faranti, masu raba maganadisu mai tsayi, masu raba maganadisu mai tsayi, masu raba maganadisu mai ƙarancin zafi, masu raba maganadisu mai ƙarancin zafi, da sauransu.
05 Ma'adinai aiki aikace-aikace lokuta
Tsarin 1: Idan aka yi la'akari da yumbun Kaolin na ƙasashen waje, manyan ƙazanta a cikin wannan samfurin sun haɗa da ƙarfe oxide, titanium oxide, da ƙarfe silicate. A cikin ma'adinan da ba a sarrafa ba, ƙazanta na Fe2O3 da TiO2 sune 0.89% da 0.17% bi da bi, yayin da farin ya kai 67.29%.
Domin mu cire waɗannan ƙazanta yadda ya kamata, mun ƙayyade tsarin gwaji mai zuwa: Da farko, a wuce da ma'adinan da ba a sarrafa ba ta hanyar na'urar raba maganadisu ta hanyar amfani da na'urar raba maganadisu guda biyu, wato rabuwar maganadisu da kuma zaɓi mai kyau, don fara cire yawancin ƙazanta. Sannan, za a ƙara tsarkake sinadarin da aka samu ta hanyar na'urar raba maganadisu mai ƙarfin gaske don ƙara rage ƙazanta da inganta ingancin Kaolin.
Jadawalin kwararar gwaji
Ana iya gani daga sakamakon gwajin cewa za a iya raba ma'adinan da ba a sarrafa ba ta hanyar amfani da na'urar electromagnetic slurry + electromagnetic slurry + superconducting magnetic rabewa don samun samfurin Kaolin concentrate tare da Fe2O3 0.35% da fari 87.52%.
Tsarin 2:Ma'adinan da ba a sarrafa ba yana fuskantar rabuwar maganadisu ta 5T mai ƙarfin iko. An nuna tsarin gwajin a Hoto na 2, kuma sakamakon gwajin an nuna shi a Jadawali na 2.
FIG. 2 Gwajin gwaji na faneficiation
An yi wa ma'adinin danye mai ƙarfin gaske mai ƙarfin 5T rabuwa da maganadisu don samun samfurin tattarawar Kaolin tare da Fe2O3 0.40%, Al2O3 22.92%, SiO2 68.78%, TiO2 0.10%, CaO 1.90%, farin 86.97%, da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa na 90.90%.
A matsayin kayan albarkatun ƙasa na masana'antu masu aiki da yawa, Kaolin yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na aikace-aikace. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da ci gaban masana'antar mai ɗorewa, Kaolin zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da yawa. A nan gaba, muna fatan ƙara faɗaɗa fa'idar aikace-aikacen Kaolin ta hanyar zurfafa bincike da kirkire-kirkire na fasaha, cimma ingantaccen amfani da dorewa, da kuma ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga ci gaban al'ummar ɗan adam. A lokaci guda, ya kamata mu kuma kula da matsalolin muhalli da ka iya tasowa yayin haƙar ma'adinai da sarrafa Kaolin, kuma mu ɗauki matakai masu ƙarfi don tabbatar da cewa an daidaita ci gaban albarkatun Kaolin da kyau tare da kare muhallin muhalli.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-13-2024